Uniaxial tension and compression testing of materials. Tensile testing of steel sheets for an autobody was carried out to obtain stress strain curves of mild steel and advanced high strength steels at strain rates ranged. Results of tension tests are tabulated in handbooks and. Cold rolled annealed steel the measurements that were taken. The results of the tensile tests showed that the a36 hot rolled steel was the strongest material. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials1.
This laboratory experiment is designed to demonstrate the procedure used for obtaining mechanical properties as modulus of elasticity, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength uts, toughness, uniform elongation. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. Tensile test purpose, graph, results, specimen detail. For structural applications of materials such as bridges, pressure vessels, ships, and automobiles, the tensile properties of the metal material set the criteria for a safe design. A356a356m specification for steel castings, carbon, low. Tensile specimens and test machines stressstrain curves, including discussionsof elastic versus plastic deformation, yield points, and ductility true stress and strain test methodology and data analysis it should be noted that subsequent chapters contain more detailed information on these topics. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Tensile testing of metals objective the tensile test measures the resistance of a material to a static or slowly applied force.
This test is a destructive method, in which a specimen of a standard shape and dimensions prepared according to astm d 638tandard test method for tensile properties of. Comment on the use of an extensometer for this test. Cold rolled annealed steel 6061 aluminum 1018 hot rolled brass cast iron our group tested. Four different materials were tested, including 6061t6 aluminum alloy, a36 hot rolled steel, polymethylmethacrylate pmma, cast acrylic, and polycarbonate. Example long laboratory report mechanical properties of 1018. Tensile testing a stainless steel tensile specimen youtube. Precaution to be taken while performing tensile strength test. Also the yield strength, tensile strength, the changes in length and area, youngs modulus and rupture stress were determined too. Conclusion we were able to successfully tensile test. From knowledge of the specimen geometry we can calculate the engineering stress and strain from the load vs.
Mechanical properties referred here are tensile strength, ductility, toughness, fatigue strength, hardness etc. Tensile test of a hsla steel at high strain rates with two. A connector link in a clutch mechanism is a twoforce member which will experience a 4. Pdf high speed tensile test of steel sheets for the stressstrain. We then begin to apply weight to the material gripped at one end while the other end is fixed. The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of determining tensile strength, yield strength, event. The standards associated with mechanical testing of metals have. Tensile test purpose, graph, results, specimen details. Steel was found to be the strongest of the four metals with an ultimate tensile strength of 515. The simple tensile test was performed on each of the four samples. This indian standard third revision which is identical with iso 6892. In the tensile test, for example, it is determined which load a material can withstand until it begins to deform plastically yield strength or under which maximum load the material breaks tensile strength. A simple tensile test determines only one set of properties of a material, at a specific temperature, and a specific strain rate.
The rate at which a test is performed can have a significant effect on tensile properties. Mar 20, 2018 the true tensile strength of steel a is about 712 mpa, and steel b about 603 mpa, where the 304 stainless steel has 685 1100 mpa of tensile strength rowlands, david p. Shown below is a graph of a tensile test for a common steel threaded rod, providing a good example of a general metal tensile test. Design of a mild steel specimen using fea and tensile test data conference paper pdf available december 2016 with 1,316 reads how we measure reads. Tensile testing also known as tension testing,is a fundamental materials science test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. It relates the effect of a uniaxial tensile load force on the elongation change in length of a standard specimen. Pdf design of a mild steel specimen using fea and tensile. For the tensile test experiment, data was collected from using an mts machine and lab computer. The data collected was the position and load of what was going on to a sample material. The universal testing machine can be used to determine the tensile strengths of. In the tension test, a steel rod is subjected to tension load by the means of a universal testing machine utm. A special jig fixture is specially designed for accurate acquisition of tensile. The region of minimum cross section had dimensions 6.
The tensile strength for ductile materials, the tensile strength corresponds to the point at which necking starts. Mar 31, 2009 this paper presents stressstrain curves of steel sheets for an autobody obtained at intermediate strain rates with a servohydraulic type high speed tensile testing machine. This paper presents stressstrain curves of steel sheets for an autobody obtained at intermediate strain rates with a servohydraulic type high speed tensile testing machine. Materials that are sensitive to strain rates exhibit higher tensile strengths and lower elongations at faster speeds.
An example of this dual role of mechanical testing is the tensile test that may be used either to determine the yield strength of a steel for use in design calculations or to ensure that the steel complies with a material specifications strength requirements. Hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel specification seventh revision 1 scope 1. Strength if no more tests are to be performed, shut of steel down the test machine. Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. A tensile test sample was machined from 1018 steel stock 106. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a tensile test. Aug 30, 2010 tensile testing performed on a stainless steel tensile specimen to failure using a computerized tensile test machine. The tension test is one of the most commonly used tests for evaluating materials. Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics1. Tensile test of a hsla steel at high strain rates with two different shtb facilities. Other tests are hardness test, impact test, fatigue test, and fracture test. Analysis of tensile test of mild steel using finite element. The equipment arrangement and procedure for conducting. Lab report tensile test introduction the purpose of this. Sample of steel is subjected to a wide variety of mechanical tests to measure their strength, elastic constants, and other material properties as well as their performance under a variety of actual use conditions and environments. The placing of the material in tension identifies the youngs modulus of the material. In the material testing laboratory, tensile test was done on a mild steel. Abstract this experiment was conducted so as compare the mechanical properties of aluminium and mild steel. In the tension test a specimen is subjected to a continually increasing one directional tensile force while simultaneous observations are made of the elongation of the ductile specimen.
Tension test is performed on mild steel, tor steel and high tensile steel to determine the properties like youngs modulus, ultimate strength, and the percentage elongation. Procedures in remove the failed specimen from the grips. The material has known dimensions, like length and crosssectional area. Tensile testing and hardness testing of various metals. A tensile force is applied by the machine, which results in the gradual elongation and eventual fracture of the test item.
A tensile test sample was machined from 1030 annealed steel stock 106. Testing displacement position return the test machine to the original. Tension test the tension test is the commonly used test for determining static actually quasi static properties of materials. The samples were cylindrical in cross section, with a reduced gage. The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of determining one or more of the mechanical properties defined in clause 4. It is very important to the tensile test to be considered is the standard dimensions and profiles are adhered to. An extensometer measures yield strength at different loads. Example long laboratory report mechanical properties of. Percentage reduction in area obtained from uniaxial tensile test is taken to be a measure of ductility. Tensile testing performed on a stainless steel tensile specimen to failure using a computerized tensile test machine. The main principle of the tensile test is denotes the resistance of a material to a tensile load applied axially to a specimen. Tensile testing at ambient temperature issued by the. The tensile test is method to measure the mechanical properties of materials.
Sometimes the upper yield strength of lowcarbon steel is higher than. Tensile test is one of the most common tests for steel. The materials used were two different types of aluminum and steel. Tensile properties for plastics, polymers and steels are very sensitive to testing rates, but aluminum alloys exhibit little sensitivity. Tensile testing of steel see web for typical report format including. Other aspects of the geometry of tensile test specimens may influence the degree to which hydrogen reduces tensile ductility, e. It is meant to determine the tensile strength of the materials which are used in the industries for manufacturing of distinct products. Stoltz conducted tensile tests on an a51670 steel in 101 kpa hydrogen gas using smooth bar, circumferentially notched bar and plane strain tensile specimens 63, 64.
This publication is being made available in pdf format as a benefit to members and. The units of engineering stress are ksi, which stands for a thousand pounds per square inch. From these experimental data value of true stress of tensile strength, steel a and steel b maybe have similar composition to the 304 stainless steel, because the. The basics on the operation of universal testing machine were also learnt during this experiment. Tensile test experiment materials science and engineering.
The basic idea of a tensile test is to place a sample of a material between two fixtures called grips which clamp the material. In its simplest form, the tension test is carried out by holding opposite ends of a test item within the load frame of a test machine. The true tensile strength of steel a is about 712 mpa, and steel b about 603 mpa, where the 304 stainless steel has 685 1100 mpa of tensile strength rowlands, david p. The apparatus has the maximum stroke velocity of 7. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic. Testing the tensile strength of steel bars ultimate tensile. High speed tensile test of steel sheets for the stressstrain. Tensile testing is one of the most commonly used testing procedures in a wide range of industries. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength maximum elongation and reduction in area. What precautions must be taken during an actual test. The purpose of this lab was to apply the tensile test for two different materials steel and aluminum in order to determine the stressstrain relationship in them.
The tensile test is one of the most important testing methods for characterizing or obtaining material parameters. Conclusion we were able to successfully tensile test aluminium and mild steel using the universal testing machine, from the data obtained we were able to successfully obtain the youngs modulus, ultimate tensile strength and yield stress values of the two metals. Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics1 this standard is issued under the. Mechanical behavior of crystalline materials stress types. The forces used in determining tensile strength and yield strength shall be within the veri. Example long laboratory report mechanical properties. The test is carried out at ambient temperature between 10cand 35 c, unless otherwise specified.